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| Home page | TNA partonomy |
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nervous system 
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| Level 2 |
visual organ (pair) Short Extended
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internal layer of eyeball (pair) Short
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| Non Latin primary language | English French Spanish Russian |
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Partonomy list
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| FMA | TA | TID | UID |
Short English equivalent
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Short official Latin term
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| 58301 |
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34772 | 6949 |
internal layer of eyeball (pair)
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tunica interna bulbi oculi (par)
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| 58301 |
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35043 | 6950 |
retina (pair)
P4 29 children
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retina (par)
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| 58603 |
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35046 | 6951 |
nonvisual retina (pair)
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pars caeca retinae (par)
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| 58610 |
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26158 | 6952 |
ciliary part of retina (pair)
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pars ciliaris retinae (par)
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| 58611 |
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26161 | 6953 |
iridial part of retina (pair)
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pars iridica retinae (par)
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30231 | 7649 |
posterior border of retina (pair)
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limbus posterior retinae (par)
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30234 | 7650 |
simple cuboidal pigmented epithelium of posterior border of retina (pair)
 ; simple cuboidal pigmented epithelium of iridial part of retina (pair)
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epithelium simplex cuboideum pigmentosum limbi posterioris retinae (par)
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30237 | 7651↓ |
superficial basement membrane of posterior border of retina (pair)
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membrana basalis superficialis limbi posterioris retinae (par)
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30241 | 7652 |
pigment cells of retina (pair)
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pigmentocyti retinae (par)
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| 58600 |
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26168 | 6954 |
ora serrata (pair)
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ora serrata (par)
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| 58604 |
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26164 | 6955 |
optic part of retina (pair)
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pars optica retinae (par)
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| 58617 |
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30245 | 7645 |
retinal layers (pair)
P4 59 children
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strata retinae (par)
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| 58627 |
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26171 | 6956 |
pigmented layer of retina (pair)
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stratum pigmentosum retinae (par)
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26174 | 6957 |
nervous layers of retina (pair)
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strata nervosa retinae (par)
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| 58680 |
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26177 | 6958 |
layer of outer and inner segments of retina (pair); layer of rods and cones of retina (pair)
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stratum segmentorum externorum et internorum retinae (par)
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| 58683 |
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26180 | 6959 |
outer limiting layer of retina (pair); external limiting layer of retina (pair)
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stratum limitans externum retinae (par)
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| 58684 |
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26183 | 6960 |
outer nuclear layer of retina (pair); external nuclear layer of retina (pair)
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stratum nucleare externum retinae (par)
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| 58685 |
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26186 | 6961 |
outer plexiform layer of retina (pair); external plexiform layer of retina (pair)
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stratum plexiforme externum retinae (par)
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| 58686 |
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26189 | 6962 |
inner nuclear layer of retina (pair); internal nuclear layer of retina (pair)
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stratum nucleare internum retinae (par)
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| 58704 |
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26192 | 6963 |
inner plexiform layer of retina (pair); internal plexiform layer of retina (pair)
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stratum plexiforme internum retinae (par)
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| 58687 |
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26201 | 6964 |
ganglionic layer of retina (pair)
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stratum ganglionicum retinae (par)
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| 58688 |
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26195 | 6965 |
layer of nerve fibres of retina (pair) ▲
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stratum neurofibrarum retinae (par)
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| 58689 |
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26198 | 6966 |
inner limiting layer of retina (pair); internal limiting layer of retina (pair)
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stratum limitans internum retinae (par)
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| 58634 |
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26204 | 6967 |
optic disc (pair)
; papilla of optic nerve (pair)
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discus nervi optici (par); papilla nervi optici (par)
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|
| 77664 |
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26207 | 6968↓ |
optic disc excavation (pair); excavation of optic nerve head (pair)
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excavatio disci nervi optici (par)
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|
| 58637 |
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26210 | 6969 |
macula lutea (pair)
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macula lutea (par)
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| 58658 |
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26213 | 6970 |
central fovea (pair)
; fovea centralis (pair)
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fovea centralis (par)
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| 58677 |
|
26216 | 6971 |
foveola (pair)
; foveal pit (pair)
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foveola (par)
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30248 | 7646 |
pigmented layer of central fovea of retina (pair)
; pigmented layer of fovea centralis (pair)
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stratum pigmentosum foveae centralis (par)
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30251 | 7647 |
nervous layer of central fovea of retina (pair)
; nervous layer of fovea centralis (pair)
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stratum nervosum foveae centralis (par)
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30254 | 7648 |
layer of cones of central fovea of retina (pair)
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stratum conorum foveae centralis (par)
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25969 | 7644↓ |
retinal neurons (pair)
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neura retinalia (par)
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35049 | 7653 |
retinal sensory neurons (pair)
; photoreceptor cells (pair) P4 20 children
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neura sensoria retinalia (par)
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| 67747 |
|
45694 | 7690 |
rod cells (pair); rods (pair)
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neura bacillifera (par)
; bacilla retinae (par)
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7690 | 7690 |
# rod cell; rod
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# neuron bacilliferum
; bacillum retinae
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| 62135 |
|
7692 | 7692 |
external segment of rod cell
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segmentum externum neuri bacilliferi
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|
25978 | 7693 |
membranous discs of rod cell
▲
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disci membranacei neuri bacilliferi
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| 62224 |
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7694 | 7694 |
connecting stalk of rod cell
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ponticulus conjunctivus neuri bacilliferi
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| 67828 |
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7695 | 7695 |
connecting cilium of rod cell
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cilium connectens neuri bacilliferi
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7708 | 7708 |
intersegmental space of rod cell
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spatium intersegmentale neuri bacilliferi
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| 67789 |
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7709 | 7709 |
internal segment of rod cell
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segmentum internum neuri bacilliferi
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7698 | 7698 |
ellipsoid zone of rod cell
; ellipsoid of rod cell
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zona ellipsoidea neuri bacilliferi
; ellipsoideum neuri bacilliferi
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7699 | 7699 |
myoid zone of rod cell
; myoid of rod cell
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zona myoidea neuri bacilliferi
; myoideum neuri bacilliferi
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| 62226 |
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7700 | 7700 |
outer rod cell fibre ▲
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fibra externa neuri bacilliferi
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| 62234 |
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7701 | 7701 |
soma of rod cell
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soma neuri bacilliferi
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7702 | 7702 |
axonal process of rod cell
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processus axonalis neuri bacilliferi
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| 62240 |
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7703 | 7703 |
inner rod cell fibre ▲
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fibra interna neuri bacilliferi
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| 62241 |
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7704 | 7704 |
rod cell spherule
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spherula neuri bacilliferi
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7706 | 7706 |
invaginated synapse of rod cell
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synapsis invaginans neuri bacilliferi
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| 67748 |
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45695 | 7707 |
cone cells (pair); cones (pair)
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neura conifera (par)
; coni retinae (par)
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|
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|
7707 | 7707 |
# cone cell; cone
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# neuron coniferum
; conus retinae
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| 62157 |
|
7710 | 7710 |
outer segment of cone cell
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segmentum externum neuri coniferi
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|
|
|
26013 | 7712 |
membranous discs of cone cell
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disci membranacei neuri coniferi
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| 62225 |
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7715 | 7715 |
conjunctival stalk of cone cell
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ponticulus conjunctivus neuri coniferi
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| 62204 |
|
7717 | 7717 |
connecting cilium of cone cell
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cilium connectens neuri coniferi
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|
7718 | 7718 |
intersegmental space of cone cell
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spatium intersegmentale neuri coniferi
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| 62213 |
|
7720 | 7720 |
inner segment of cone cell
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segmentum internum neuri coniferi
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|
|
|
7721 | 7721 |
ellipsoid zone of cone cell
; ellipsoid of cone cell
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zona ellipsoidea neuri coniferi
; ellipsoideum neuri coniferi
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||
|
|
7722 | 7722 |
myoid zone of cone cell
; myoid of cone cell
|
zona myoidea neuri coniferi
; myoideum neuri coniferi
|
||
| 62227 |
|
7723 | 7723 |
outer cone cell fibre ▲
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fibra externa neuri coniferi
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|
| 62235 |
|
7724 | 7724 |
soma of cone cell
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soma neuri coniferi
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|
|
|
7726 | 7726 |
axonal process of cone cell
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processus axonalis neuri coniferi
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| 62239 |
|
7727 | 7727 |
inner cone cell fibre ▲
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fibra interna neuri coniferi
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|
| 62242 |
|
7728 | 7728 |
cone cell pedicle
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pes terminalis neuri coniferi
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|
|
|
7729 | 7729 |
invaginated synapse of cone cell
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synapsis invaginans neuri coniferi
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|
|
28007 | 7731 |
L-type cones (pair); long-wavelength cones (pair); red cones (pair)
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coni typi rubri (par); coni typi L (par)
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|
30973 | 7733 |
M-type cones (pair); medium-wavelength cones (pair); green cones (pair)
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coni typi viridis (par); coni typi (par)
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|
31021 | 7734 |
S-type cones (pair); short-wavelength cones (pair); blue cones (pair)
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coni typi caerulei (par); coni typi S (par)
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|
|
32443 | 13042 |
cones of central fovea of retina (pair)
|
coni foveae centralis (par)
|
||
| 67749 |
|
26407 | 7654 |
bipolar neurons (pair)
; bipolar cells (pair) P4 29 children
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neura bipolaria (par)
|
|
| 67750 |
|
26283 | 7659 |
rod bipolar neurons (pair); rod bipolar cells (pair)
|
neura bipolaria bacillobipolaria (par)
|
|
| 62092 |
|
26412 | 7660↓ |
cone bipolar neurons (pair); cone bipolar cells (pair)
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neura bipolaria coniferobipolaria (par)
; neura bipolaria conotopica (par)
|
|
| 62093 |
|
30267 | 7661 |
midget cone bipolar neurons (pair); midget cone bipolar cells (pair)
|
neura bipolaria coniferobipolaria nana (par)
; neura bipolaria conotopica nana (par)
|
|
|
|
30275 | 7662 |
flat midget cone bipolar neurons (pair); flat midget cone bipolar cells (pair)
|
neura bipolaria coniferobipolaria nana plana (par)
; neura bipolaria conotopica nana plana (par)
|
||
|
|
30279 | 7663 |
invaginating midget cone bipolar neurons (pair); invaginating midget cone bipolar cells (pair)
|
neura bipolaria coniferobipolaria nana invaginantia (par)
; neura bipolaria conotopica nana invaginans (par)
|
||
| 62094 |
|
30283 | 7664 |
blue cone bipolar neurons (pair); blue cone bipolar cells (pair)
|
neura bipolaria coniferobipolaria nana caerulea (par)
; neura bipolaria conotopica nana caerulea (par)
|
|
| 62095 |
|
30271 | 7665 |
diffuse cone bipolar neurons (pair); diffuse cone bipolar cells (pair)
|
neura bipolaria coniferobipolaria diffusa (par)
; neura bipolaria conotopica diffusa (par)
|
|
|
|
30287 | 7666 |
giant bistratified cone bipolar neurons (pair); giant bistratified cone bipolar cells (pair)
|
neura bipolaria coniferobipolaria bistratificata gigantea (par)
; neura bipolaria conotopica bistratificata gigantea (par)
|
||
|
|
30291 | 7667 |
nongiant diffuse cone bipolar neurons (pair); nongiant diffuse cone bipolar cells (pair)
|
neura bipolaria coniferobipolaria diffusa nongigantea (par)
; neura bipolaria conotopica diffusa nongigantea (par)
|
||
| 67765 |
|
30295 | 7655↓ |
neura ganglionaria retinalia (par)
|
||
|
|
30299 | 7668 |
large parasol type ganglion neurons (pair); large parasol type ganglion cells (pair); M type ganglion cells (pair)
|
neura ganglionaria umbelliformia magna (par)
|
||
|
|
30303 | 7669↓ |
small parasol type ganglion neurons (pair); small parasol type ganglion cells (pair); P2 type ganglion cells (pair)
|
neura ganglionaria umbelliformia parva (par)
|
||
|
|
30307 | 7670 |
midget ganglion neurons (pair); midget ganglion cells (pair); P1 type ganglion cells (pair)
|
neura ganglionaria nana (par)
|
||
| 67764 |
|
30311 | 7656 |
horizontal neurons (pair)
; horizontal cells (pair) P4 8 children
|
neura horizontalia (par)
|
|
| 67913 |
|
30315 | 7735 |
horizontal neurons of I type (pair)
|
neura horizontalia typi I (par)
|
|
| 67914 |
|
30319 | 7736 |
horizontal neurons of II type (pair)
|
neura horizontalia typi II (par)
|
|
| 67766 |
|
30323 | 7657↓ |
amacrine neurons (pair)
; amacrine cells (pair) P4 47 children
|
neura amacrina (par)
|
|
| 67767 |
|
30327 | 7671 |
diffuse amacrine neurons (pair)
; diffuse amacrine cells (pair)
|
neura amacrina diffusa (par)
|
|
| 62110 |
|
30331 | 7672 |
stratified amacrine neurons (pair)
; stratified amacrine cells (pair)
|
neura amacrina stratificata (par)
|
|
|
|
30335 | 7673 |
rod-related amacrine neurons (pair); rod-related amacrine cells (pair)
|
neura amacrina bacilloamacrina (par)
|
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|
|
30347 | 7674↓ |
A2 narrow-field bistratified amacrine neurons (pair); A2 narrow-field bistratified amacrine cells (pair)
|
neura amacrina bistratificata campi angusti; neura amacrina AII (par)
|
||
|
|
30351 | 7675↓ |
A17 wide-field reciprocal amacrine neurons (pair); A17 wide-field reciprocal amacrine cells (pair)
|
neura amacrina mutuum campi lati; neura amacrina A17 (par)
|
||
|
|
30355 | 7676 |
A18 dopaminergic amacrine neurons (pair); A18 dopaminergic amacrine cells (pair)
|
neura amacrina dopaminergica (par)
; neura amacrina A18 (par)
|
||
|
|
30339 | 7677 |
cone-related amacrine neurons (pair); cone-related amacrine cells (pair)
|
neura amacrina coniferoamacrina (par)
|
||
|
|
30359 | 7678 |
A2 narrow-field cone pathway amacrine cells (pair)
|
neura amacrina campi angusti viae coniferotopicae angustae; neura amacrina A2 (par)
|
||
|
|
30363 | 7679 |
A8 bistratified cone pathway amacrine cells (pair)
|
neura amacrina bistratificata viae coniferotopicae; neura amacrina A8 (par)
|
||
|
|
30367 | 7680 |
A13 small-field amacrine cells (pair)
|
neura amacrina campi parvi; neura amacrina A13 (par)
|
||
|
|
30371 | 7681 |
A19 OFF-ON amacrine cells (pair)
|
neura amacrina de-in; neura amacrina A19 (par)
|
||
|
|
30379 | 7682 |
A20 ON-OFF amacrine cells (pair)
|
neuron amacrinum in-de; neura amacrina A20 (par)
|
||
|
|
30383 | 7683 |
A22 substance P-containing large field amacrine cells (pair)
|
neuron amacrinum campi lati substantiae P; neura amacrina A22 (par)
|
||
| 62363 |
|
30387 | 7684 |
acetylcholine-containing starburst amacrine cells (pair)
|
neura amacrina cholinergica (par)
|
|
|
|
30343 | 7685 |
interplexiform neurons (pair)
|
neura interplexiformia (par)
|
||
| 62111 |
|
31607 | 7658 |
retinal glial cells (pair); gliocytes of retina (pair)
P4 8 children
|
gliocyti retinae (par)
|
|
| 54558 |
|
31611 | 7686 |
radial gliocytes of retina (pair)
; radial glial cells of retina (pair)
|
gliocyti radiales retinae (par)
|
|
|
|
7686 | 7686 |
# radial gliocyte of retina
; radial glial cell of retina
|
# gliocytus radialis retinae
|
||
|
|
7687 | 7687 |
radial process
|
processus radialis
|
||
| 54543 |
|
31615 | 7689 |
protoplasmatic astrocytes (pair)
|
astrocyti protoplasmatici (par)
|
|
| 50863 |
|
6372 | 6372 |
optic nerve
; cranial nerve II ; cranial nerve 2 
|
nervus opticus
; nervus cranialis II
|
|
|
|
35051 | 6983 |
blood vessels of retina (pair)
P4 18 children
|
vasa sanguinea retinae (par)
|
||
| 49879 |
|
3921 | 3921 |
central retinal artery
|
arteria centralis retinae
|
|
| 49912 |
|
6985 | 6985 |
superior temporal retinal arteriole
|
arteriola retinalis temporalis superior
|
|
| 49917 |
|
6986 | 6986 |
inferior temporal retinal arteriole
|
arteriola retinalis temporalis inferior
|
|
| 49909 |
|
6987 | 6987 |
superior nasal retinal arteriole
|
arteriola retinalis nasalis superior
|
|
| 49915 |
|
6988 | 6988 |
inferior nasal retinal arteriole
|
arteriola retinalis nasalis inferior
|
|
| 51904 |
|
6989 | 6989 |
superior macular arteriole
|
arteriola macularis superior
|
|
| 51905 |
|
6990 | 6990 |
inferior macular arteriole
|
arteriola macularis inferior
|
|
| 51906 |
|
6991 | 6991 |
middle macular arteriole
|
arteriola macularis media
|
|
| 51799 |
|
4659 | 4659 |
central retinal vein
|
vena centralis retinae
|
|
| 51913 |
|
6992 | 6992 |
superior temporal retinal venule
|
venula retinalis temporalis superior
|
|
| 51914 |
|
6993 | 6993 |
inferior temporal retinal venule
|
venula retinalis temporalis inferior
|
|
| 51916 |
|
6994 | 6994 |
superior nasal retinal venule
|
venula retinalis nasalis superior
|
|
| 51915 |
|
6995 | 6995 |
inferior nasal retinal venule
|
venula retinalis nasalis inferior
|
|
| 51917 |
|
6996 | 6996 |
superior macular venule
|
venula macularis superior
|
|
| 51918 |
|
6997 | 6997 |
inferior macular venule
|
venula macularis inferior
|
|
| 51919 |
|
6998 | 6998 |
middle macular venule
|
venula macularis media
|
|
|
|
125 lines
|
|
||||
|
|
80.8 %
|
89.9 %
|
||||
|
|
32 partial items
|
|
||||
|
|
245 entities
|
|
|
Scientific notes
|
| UID |
Libelle of note
|
| 6968 |
The incorrect English terms (Depression of optic disc and Physiological cup) are replaced by: Optic disc excavation and Excavation of optic nerve head.
|
| 7644 |
Heading Neura retinalia added, from TH; based on Kolb H, Linberg KA, Fisher SK 1992. Neurons of the human retina: A Golgi study. J Comp Neurol 318:147-187, and more recent studies (Website Kolb H et al. The Organization of the Retina and Visual System; http://webvision.med.utah.edu).
|
| 7651 |
(from TH): The term Membrana basalis superficialis limbi posterioris was added, for developmental reasons, the epithelium of the posterior border does not have the usual basement membrane on its side facing the stroma, but superficially on the side facing the lens.
|
| 7655 |
TH term 'multipolare' replaced by 'retinale' for consistency. There are at least 18 different morphological types of ganglion cells in the human retina, numbered from G1-G23 after Golgi studies (G = Golgi type) by Kolb et al. (1981 Vision Res 21:1081-1114) in cats. Special names have been given to the Midget and Parasol ganglion cells, projecting to the Parvocellular and Magnocellular layers of CGL.
|
| 7657 |
Masland RH (2001 The fundamental plan of the retina. Nat Rev Neurosci 4:877-886) counted at least 29 types of Amacrine cells, most of them are glycinergic (Neuron amacrinum glycinergicum) or GABAergic (Neuron amacrinum GABAergicum).
|
| 7660 |
A physiological subdivision of Cone bipolar cells includes ON-cone bipolar cells and OFF-cone bipolar cells, each with three to five disctinct types (Masland RH 2001. The fundamental plan of the retina. Nat Rev Neurosci 4:877-886).
|
| 7669 |
More recently, these ganglion cells became known as Small and Large bistratified ganglion cells, giving rise to the Koniocellular pathway to the CGL (Dacey DM 2000 Parallel pathways for spectral coding in primate retina. Annu Rev Neurosci 23:743-775; Nassi JJ, Callaway EM 2009 Parallel processing strategies of the primate visual system. Nat Rev Neurosci 10:360-372).
|
| 7674 |
TH's A11 corrected to AII (Roman numeral!). 'Aperturae angustae' corrected to 'campi angusti' as for the other amacrine cells. The Latin term has been divided into two. The Amacrine cell AI (Kolb and Famiglietti 1974 Science 186:47-49) was later renamed as A17. The term AII remained.
|
| 7675 |
See note # 7674
|
|
Signature
|
| Type of list | P3F |
| List Unit Identifier | 6949 |
| Sublist 1 | 6950 retina 29/10 on 4.4.2018 |
| Sublist 2 | 7645 stratum retinae 59/20 on 4.4.2018 |
| Sublist 3 | 7653 neuron sensorium retinale 17/8 on 23.1.2020 |
| Invalid signature | 13447 (stored value 6149) |
| Error in sublist | Found children 20 Found units 7 |
| Sublist 4 | 7654 neuron bipolare 29/10 on 5.2.2018 |
| Sublist 5 | 7655 neuron ganglionare retinale 11/4 on 4.4.2018 |
| Sublist 6 | 7656 neuron horizontale 8/3 on 8.4.2018 |
| Sublist 7 | 7657 neuron amacrinum 47/16 on 4.4.2018 |
| Sublist 8 | 6983 vas sanguineum retinae 20/19 on 8.4.2018 |
| Invalid signature | 17165 (stored value 2849) |
| Error in sublist | Found children 18 Found units 17 |
| Sublist 9 | 7658 gliocytus retinae 8/3 on 5.2.2018 |
| Subtotals | subchildren 228 subunits 93 |
| Proper children | 15 |
| Invalid check | Found children: 244 |
| Proper units | 3 |
| Invalid check | Found units: 93 |
| Invalid signature | 3982 ( 24.1.2020) |
| Date: 10.09.2021 |